Directoire Planters and Jardinieres
Formed in the wake of the Jacobin Reign of Terror’s bloody guillotine, the Directoire was established to lead France into order through the leadership of a five-member council of directors. It was brief, lasting only from 1795 to 1799, ending with Napoléon Bonaparte’s coup d’état, and was economically tumultuous. Yet it was an essential bridge between the era of Louis XVI and the elaborate Empire style that followed, with Directoire furniture and decorative arts shaped by a royal passion for classical design and an enthusiasm for postrevolutionary France.
Much of the country’s furniture production had halted during the French Revolution when the furniture guilds system was abolished, but during the Directoire period, the cabinetmakers restarted their businesses, such as François-Honoré-Georges and Jacob-Desmalter who established a new workshop called Jacob-Frères. Pieces made in walnut, elm, mahogany and other inexpensive materials incorporated influences ranging from Egypt to Pompeii, with popular forms including the curule armchair based on an ancient Roman design. The aesthetics of the transitional style were more austere than during the monarchy, with court cabinetmaker Jean-Baptiste Sené, for instance, reimagining his workshop’s neoclassical-style furniture with ungilded surfaces and a reduction of ornamentation.
Symbols referencing the revolutionary tenets of liberty, equality and fraternity were frequently carved into Directoire furnishings, such as the Phrygian cap, clasped hands and the fasces, which is an image of a bound bundle of sticks adopted from the Roman Republic, where it was seen as an emblem of strength through unity.
Elements of the French Directoire style continued through Empire style. Designers Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine are credited today as major proponents of both movements. The classically inspired furniture design is represented in pieces such as the boat-shaped daybed and the klismos chair, which endured in French interiors as well as in styles abroad, including American Directoire.
Find a collection of antique Directoire chairs, tables, daybeds, decorative objects and other furniture on 1stDibs.
Late 19th Century French Antique Directoire Planters and Jardinieres
Cherry
19th Century French Antique Directoire Planters and Jardinieres
Ormolu
1970s Vintage Directoire Planters and Jardinieres
Marble, Brass, Steel
Late 18th Century European Antique Directoire Planters and Jardinieres
Mahogany
19th Century French Antique Directoire Planters and Jardinieres
Copper
19th Century French Antique Directoire Planters and Jardinieres
Copper
Late 19th Century German Antique Directoire Planters and Jardinieres
Mahogany
Mid-20th Century French Directoire Planters and Jardinieres
Steel
19th Century French Antique Directoire Planters and Jardinieres
Brass
19th Century French Antique Directoire Planters and Jardinieres
Iron
1890s French Antique Directoire Planters and Jardinieres
Ceramic
19th Century French Antique Directoire Planters and Jardinieres
Marble
2010s American Directoire Planters and Jardinieres
Steel
Late 20th Century Swiss Directoire Planters and Jardinieres
Cement
Mid-20th Century American Directoire Planters and Jardinieres
Pottery
Early 20th Century Directoire Planters and Jardinieres
Cane, Hardwood, Paint
1790s French Antique Directoire Planters and Jardinieres
Iron
18th Century French Antique Directoire Planters and Jardinieres
Iron
1980s Philippine Vintage Directoire Planters and Jardinieres
Metal
1960s Vintage Directoire Planters and Jardinieres
Marble, Brass, Steel
19th Century Italian Antique Directoire Planters and Jardinieres
Zinc
2010s Asian Directoire Planters and Jardinieres
Mirror
1790s French Antique Directoire Planters and Jardinieres
Brass
18th Century and Earlier French Antique Directoire Planters and Jardinieres
Bronze, Tôle