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Giovanni Battista ViolaTwo Scenes of Diana and Actaeon (a pair)
About the Item
Provenance:
Robert L. and Bertina Suida Manning, New York, until 1996
Private Collection, USA
Giovanni Battista Viola was born in Bologna and studied there with Annibale Carracci, whom he followed to Rome around 1601. He is documented the following year in Annibale’s studio and, for the next two decades worked with and for Annibale (who died in 1609), Francesco Albani, and Domenichino. Viola’s paintings were closest in spirit and style to Domenichino’s and indeed the authorship of many of their landscape paintings have been confused. Viola grew to become a specialist in the genre (but remained an indifferent figure painter), which lent itself to fertile collaboration with Domenichino, in fresco decoration and cabinet paintings. Perhaps most celebrated are the frescoes that once decorated the Stanza d’Apollo at the Villa Aldobrandini in Frascati—now in the National Gallery, London—in which Viola provided the landscape backgrounds to Domenichino’s figures.
This pair of jewel-like paintings on copper are superb examples of Viola’s intimate essays in landscape. The mythological subjects are almost incidental to the composition. In one Actaeon, accompanied by his dog, is seen firing an arrow at an unseen quarry. In the other he has surprised the naked Diana at her bath and is seen being transformed into a stag. But the real subject for both are the luminous landscapes, romantic evocations of an ideal world with rolling hills, verdant foliage, and distant mountains—all beneath twilight cloud-filled skies.
Dr. Francesca Cappelletti has confirmed Viola’s authorship of these paintings based on firsthand inspection. Besides the clear bonds to Domenichino and Annibale Carracci, she notes the affinities with Northern landscape specialists active in Rome, particularly Paul Bril, with whom Viola collaborated on several occasions.
- Creator:Giovanni Battista Viola (1576 - 1622, Italian)
- Dimensions:Height: 9 in (22.86 cm)Width: 11.12 in (28.25 cm)
- Medium:
- Movement & Style:
- Period:
- Condition:
- Gallery Location:New York, NY
- Reference Number:1stDibs: LU102342462
Giovanni Battista Viola
Giovanni Battista Viola was an Italian painter of the early Baroque period in Rome. Viola was born in Bologna and went to Rome in about 1600. He established himself as a specialist landscape painter, executing frescoes and easel paintings with small figures. Viola was closely associated with Francesco Albani (1578–1660) who married his daughter in 1613. He worked with Domenichino and Albani at Bassano di Sutri in 1610 and collaborated in the execution of the frescoes by Domenichino in the Stanza di Apollo at the Villa Aldobrandini, Frascati. Viola was well respected for his landscape canvases, which were documented among the works in the collections of Cardinal Pietro Aldobrandini, Giustiniani, Cardinal Mazarin and the Pamphilj. Louis XIV of France collected at least landscapes, now in the Louvre. He was a teacher of Bartolommeo Lotto and Pietro Paolo Bonzi (il Gobbo dalle Frutta) and would have been influential for Claude Lorraine. The biography of Amorini recounts that Viola died mortified after offending Cardinal Ludovisi.
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